Simple validated method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol,nivalenol, and their 3-β-D-glucosides in baby formula and Korean rice wine via HPLC-UV with immunoaffinity cleanup

A simple and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of major type B trichothecene mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), along with their 3-β-d-glucosides (DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) and NIV-3-glucoside (NIV3G)) in baby formula and Korean rice wine was validated in the present study. The method was based on immunoaffinity cleanup followed by analysis using an HPLC-UV technique. The method was validated in-house for two matrices as follows: linearity (R² > 0.99) was established in the range of 20–1000 μg kg^–1; accuracy (expressed as recovery) ranged from 78.7 to 106.5% for all the analytes; good intermediate precision (relative standard deviation < 12%), and adequate detection and quantitation limits (< 4.4 and < 13.3 μg kg^–1, respectively) were achieved. Furthermore, the estimated measurement expanded uncertainty was determined to be 4–24%. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of 31 baby formulas and Korean rice wines marketed in Korea.     

Investigation of the safety evaluation method of piping system

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Plumbing is necessary for boilers and heat exchangers and in buildings and power plants, including those that produce green energy. Further, among all...     

Growth of Aitken mode ammonium sulfate particles by α-pinene ozonolysis

The fraction of Aitken mode particles that grow sufficiently large to act as cloud condensation nuclei is an important factor in understanding the climate impact of atmospheric particles. Elucidating the rate of particle growth in this size range requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which these particles grow. Here, a flow tube reactor is described, characterized and then used to study growth of ammonium sulfate seed particles in the Aitken mode size range by α-pinene ozonolysis under dry conditions (10% RH). When size-selected particles starting at 40, 60, or 80?nm diameter were exposed to α-pinene (11?ppbv) and ozone (five separate mixing ratios between 30 and 250?ppbv), particle growth was found to depend on the amount of α-pinene reacted and the condensation sink, but not directly dependent on the initial seed particle diameter. The observed dependencies are consistent with a condensational growth mechanism, which is not surprising since the dry conditions of the experiment minimized the probability of multiphase chemistry within the seed particles. Combining the measured particle growth with a kinetic model gave a molar yield of 13% for condensable organic molecules produced by the ozonolysis reaction. This value is somewhat higher than previously reported molar yields of highly oxidized molecules (HOMs) measured in the gas phase with chemical ionization mass spectrometry, which are in the 3–7% range. The relationship between molar yields determined from gas phase and particle phase measurements is discussed.

Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Enhanced Charge Injection Properties of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor by Molecular Implantation Doping

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have been widely studied due to their merits such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, and large‐area fabrication. However, OSC devices still have to overcome contact resistance issues for better performances. Because of the Schottky contact at the metal–OSC interfaces, a non‐ideal transfer curve feature often appears in the low‐drain voltage region. To improve the contact properties of OSCs, there have been several methods reported, including interface treatment by self‐assembled monolayers and introducing charge injection layers. Here, a selective contact doping of 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F₄‐TCNQ) by solid‐state diffusion in poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) to enhance carrier injection in bottom‐gate PBTTT organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of post‐doping treatment on diffusion of F₄‐TCNQ molecules in order to improve the device stability is investigated. In addition, the application of the doping technique to the low‐voltage operation of PBTTT OFETs with high‐k gate dielectrics demonstrated a potential for designing scalable and low‐power organic devices by utilizing doping of conjugated polymers.     

Factors Affecting Web Disclosure Adoption in the Nonprofit Sector

ABSTRACT

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are strategically using their own personal website to present themselves to the public and share information. Despite the potential benefits of enhanced public confidence and trust, reduced operating costs, improved donor decision making, and increased donations, many nonprofit organizations have resisted the adoption of web disclosure. Informed by the literature on information systems (IS) adoption and technological innovation, this study examines the primary factors that influence the adoption and resistance of web disclosure. Our sample consisted of 176 survey responses from an initial group of 3,323 U.S. NPOs. The statistical results indicate that attitude toward disclosure, compatibility of disclosure with current practices, and financial readiness have a positive influence on web disclosure adoption. The findings have implications for research and practice.     

λ/64‐spaced compact ESPAR antenna via analog RF switches for a single RF chain MIMO system

In this study, an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna via analog radio frequency (RF) switches for a single RF chain MIMO system is presented. The proposed antenna elements are spaced at λ/64, and the antenna size is miniaturized via a dielectric radome. The optimum reactance load value is calculated via the beamforming load search algorithm. A switch simplifies the design and implementation of the reactance loads and does not require additional complex antenna matching circuits. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed ESPAR antenna is 1,500 MHz (1.75 GHz–3.25 GHz). The proposed antenna exhibits a beam pattern that is reconfigurable at 2.48 GHz due to changes in the reactance value, and the measured peak antenna gain is 4.8 dBi. The reception performance is measured by using a 4  4 BPSK signal. The measured average SNR is 17 dB when using the proposed ESPAR antenna as a transmitter, and the average SNR is 16.7 dB when using a four‐conventional monopole antenna.     

Performance analysis of scheduled transmit beamforming systems under non-identically delayed feedback channels

Wireless Networks - In this paper, we investigate the performance analysis of a scheduled transmit beamforming system under non-identically delayed feedback channels. This paper derives the exact...     

Community-based diffusion scheme using Markov chain and spectral clustering for mobile social networks

Wireless Networks - With the increase in the number of mobile devices such as tablets and smart watches, mobile social networks (MSNs) provide great opportunities for people to exchange...